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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋam | om ludaŋ |
| 2SG: | ludaŋat | ot ludaŋ |
| 3SG: | ludaŋeš | ok/ogeš ludaŋ |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na ludaŋ |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da ludaŋ |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑t | ogə̑t ludaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋə̑m | šə̑m ludaŋ |
| 2SG: | ludaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ludaŋ |
| 3SG: | ludaŋe | ə̑š ludaŋ |
| 1PL: | ludaŋna | ə̑šna ludaŋ |
| 2PL: | ludaŋda | ə̑šda ludaŋ |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št ludaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋə̑nam | ludaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ludaŋə̑nat | ludaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ludaŋə̑n | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑nna | ludaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑nda | ludaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑nə̑t | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋam ə̑l'e | om ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ludaŋat ə̑l'e | ot ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ludaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋam ulmaš | om ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ludaŋat ulmaš | ot ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ludaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t ludaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ludaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ludaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋə̑nam ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ludaŋə̑nat ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ludaŋə̑n ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ludaŋə̑nna ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ludaŋə̑nda ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | ludaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ludaŋ | it ludaŋ |
| 3SG: | ludaŋže | ə̑nže ludaŋ |
| 1PL: | (ludaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na ludaŋ) |
| 2PL: | ludaŋza | ida ludaŋ |
| 3PL: | ludaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ludaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋnem | ə̑nem ludaŋ |
| 2SG: | ludaŋnet | ə̑net ludaŋ |
| 3SG: | ludaŋneže | ə̑než ludaŋ |
| 1PL: | ludaŋnena | ə̑nena ludaŋ |
| 2PL: | ludaŋneda | ə̑neda ludaŋ |
| 3PL: | ludaŋnešt | ə̑nešt ludaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ludaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ludaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ludaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ludaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ludaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ludaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ludaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ludaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ludaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ludaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda ludaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ludaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ludaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ludaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ludaŋman |
| Active participle: | ludaŋše |
| Passive participle: | ludaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ludaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | ludaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ludaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | ludaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | ludaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ludaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ludaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ludaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | ludaŋdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||